Description: After some general considerations about the fundamental concepts needed for a good mastering of the reactivity and mechanisms in organic chemistry, the lecture summarizes the main organic chemistry reactions which can be used as tools for complex synthesis.

Pre-requisites: Advanced organic chemistry (L3 level)

Approached Notions: Acid and base concepts. Electrophiles and nucleophiles. The logic of mechanisms in organic chemistry. Organic compounds containing mainly C and O : Chemistry of alkenes and alkynes; Chemistry of carbonyl derivatives; Chemistry of aromatic compounds. Organic chemistry of compounds containing N.

Bibliography: Organic Chemistry (Author: John Mc Murry, Publisher: Brooks/Cole, ISBN 9780840054531)

Description: This module presents the chemical reactivity responsible for the evolution from atoms to complexes, then to particles and colloidal systems and finally to materials.

Pre-requisites: Basic knowledge of atomistics, inorganic chemistry, crystallography and coordination compounds.

Approached Notions: The first part of this module introduces and uses tools for predicting and interpreting chemical reactivity between molecular species and more specifically for d-transition metal coordination compounds. The competency aimed at is the ability to use molecular orbital diagrams to predict geometries of reaction intermediates or reaction schemes in organic chemistry or coordination compounds. A second part of this session presents the formation and growth in solution of particles and colloids. The study of these insoluble colloidal systems (study of their suspensions stabilities, DLVO theory, forces in presence …) and insoluble (surfactants, micelles, vesicles …) makes it possible to approach the formulation and their innumerable industrial and daily applications.

Bibliography: Chemistry and Chemical reactivity by Kotz, Treichel and Townsend (1416 pages)

Description: We survey the main characteristics of vibrational spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and luminescence. 

Pre-requisites: Basis of quantum mechanics : Schrödinger equation, meaning of the wavefunction, names and shape of atomic orbitals – Basis of spring classical mechanics – Basis of Infrared and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy: shape of an IR spectrum, shape of a UV-visible spectrum. – How to use a Molecular Orbital diagram: shape of sigma and pi orbitals. – Basis of chemical kinetics – Chemical naming 

Approached Notions: Selection rules to explain the shapes of the experimental spectra. Infrared vibrational spectroscopy: Hooke’s Law, Fourier Transform principles and advantages; UV-visible spectroscopy: Franck-Condon principle, Jablonski-Perrin diagrams. Luminescence: Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, Quenching. 

Bibliography: Physical Chemistry by P. Atkins

Description: This lecture is the complement of “Optical spectroscopy”. 

Pre-requisites: Symetry group of molecules and orbitals. Optical spectroscopy lectures and thus pre-requisites of “Optical Spectroscopy” also apply here: Basis of quantum mechanics : Schrödinger equation, meaning of the wavefunction, names and shape of atomic orbitals ; Basis of spring classical mechanics ; Basis of Infrared and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy: shape of an IR spectrum, shape of a UV-visible spectrum ; How to use a Molecular Orbital diagram ; shape of sigma and pi orbitals ; Basis of chemical kinetics ; Chemical naming 

Approached Notions: Advanced optical spectroscopy: Raman, Polarized fluorescence, XPS-UPS. Use of selection rules. 

Bibliography: Physical Chemistry by P. Atkins

Description: General introduction on polymeric materials (classification, prices, applications). Definition of the specific vocabulary dedicated to these materials. Emphasis on mechanistic aspects of the various polymerization strategies. Presentation of the specific structural characterization techniques. Structure-properties relationship in polymeric materials (mechanical properties, opacity, thermal transitions). 

Pre-requisites: Organic Chemistry (reactivity of alcens, cyclic molecules and polyfonctionnal molecules). General aspects of Physico-Chemistry. Basics in mechanics of solid materials. 

Bibliography: Chimie et Physico-chimie des polymères by Michel Fontanille, Yves Gnanou

Description: General introduction on organic-inorganic hybrid materials with emphasis on main strategies for the elaboration of these materials (mainly, molecular assembly through sol-gel process). Comprehensive overview of the specific class of organic-inorganic hybrid materials exhibiting porous structures (ordered mesoporous silica, ordered mesoporous materials without silica including organic framework materials and metal organic frameworks): preparation, main properties, synthetic and biomedical applications (catalysis, controlled release drug delivery systems, imaging agents and medical implants)  

Pre-requisites: Advanced Organic Chemistry. Basics in Mineral and Inorganic Materials. General Aspects of Analytical Chemistry

Bibliography: Hybrid Materials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications by Guido Kickzelbick

This Teaching Unit is taught in French.
Description: Overview of the main (digital) documentary research tools, especially in the field of chemistry. Presentation and use of bibliographic reference management tools and software tools for conducting bibliometric analysis in Science (with an emphasis on key bibliometric indicators). Awareness enhancement relating to the importance of copyright and knowledge of conditions for reuse of documents (plagiarism, rules of academic integrity, …). Main objective: practical knowledge of different electronic research tools and bibliographic resources currently available to achieve comprehensive literature research on a specific topic.

Pre-requisites: Basic knowledge of computer science 

Bibliography: Méthodologie documentaire by Bernard Pochet

Description: Introduction to the topic and generalities. Fundamental concepts and descriptive parameters. – Kinetics of the electrode reactions: limitation in charge transfer or mass transfer. Construction of the current-potential diagram: study of representative cases. 

Pre-requisites: Knowledge relative to redox.

Approached Notions: Introduction to the topic and generalities. Fundamental concepts and descriptive parameters. Kinetics of the electrode reactions: limitation in charge transfer or mass transfer. Construction of the current-potential diagram: study of representative cases. 

Bibliography: De l’Oxydoréduction à l’Electrochimie by Yann Verchier, Frédéric Lemaitre 

Description: Basics of photochemistry (definition, general principles, excited states, radiative photophysical processes such as fluorescence and phosphorescence). Applications in organic chemistry especially for the synthesis of complex molecules (generation of synthetically useful free radicals, main photochemical reactions, photolabile protecting groups). Applications at the chemistry/biology interface (photoaffinity labeling, caged compounds, …). Chemistry and photophysics of organic-based fluorophores suitable for biological imaging applications. 

Pre-requisites: Advanced Organic Chemistry, Molecular Spectroscopy and Chemistry of Biomolecules 

Bibliography: Photophysique et photochimie – Des fondements aux applications by Jacques Delaire, Jonathan Piard, Rachel Méallet-Renault and Gilles Clavier 

Description: Woodward-Hoffman rules have changed the way chemists looked at theoretical chemistry. In the same vein, we apply molecular orbital analyses to understand and predic organic and organometallic reactions. 

Pre-requisites: Basis of quantum mechanics : Schrödinger equation, meaning of the wavefunction, names and shape of atomic orbitals: s, p and d. Two orbital interaction: shape and energies of the resulting molecular orbitals. Molecular symmetry (even better: Group theory for chemist, but this is not compulsory). Basic knowledge of organic and organometallic chemistry. 

Approached Notions: Three orbitals interactions, secular equations. Klopman-Salem equations and its link to chemical reactivity and HSAB theory of Pearson. Pericyclic reactions. Organometallic complexes: electronic and geometric structures, reductive elimination. 

Bibliography: Molecular Orbitals and Organic Chemical Reactions by I.Fleming 

Description: This module aims at building a bridge between molecular modeling and organic chemistry taught in UE1 as well as familiarizing the students with total synthesis and retrosynthesis strategies. 

Pre-requisites: Advanced organic chemistry (L3 level). Atomistic.

Approached Notions: Reminder on the Hückel theory. The Klopman-Salem equation. The HSAB theory. Use of orbital symmetry to explain substitution, elimination and addition reactions as well as rearrangements. Retrosynthetic strategies. 

Description: Organometallic chemistry is an inequalled tool to access structures offering novel possibilities in organic synthesis or with innovative applications in material science. This lecture contains an overview of organometallic chemistry from basis to advanced reactivity of organometallic complexes and the use of the latter in catalysis.

Pre-requisites: Organic chemistry. Acid-base concepts. Atomistic.

Approached Notions: Structure of organometallic complexes: ligands, formalism, characteristics, orbital approach. Fundamental reactions. Main families of organometallic complexes: metal carbonyles, metal phosphine, metal alkene, metal alkyl, metal carbene, metal carbyne and metal hydride complexes. Catalysis: bases and vocabulary of catalysis, hydrogenation, oxidation, C-C and C=C bond formation, electrophilic activation of C-C multiple bonds.

Bibliography: Chimie organométallique et catalyse – avec exercices corrigés (Author: Didier Astruc, Publisher: EDP Sciences, ISBN: 978-2-7598-0830-4)

Les orbitales moléculaires dans les complexes – Cours et exercices corrigés (Author: Yves Jean, Publisher: Ecole Polytechnique, ISBN: 978-2-7302-1024-9)

Description: Some generals (structures and main properties) about the main classes of biomolecules: carbohydrates, nucleosides/nucleotides and amino acids, with a brief emphasis on biopolymers containing them (oligo- or polysaccharides, oligonucleotides, DNA/RNA, peptides and proteins) will be presented. Major part of courses will be devoted to chemical synthesis of these biomolecules and their main reactivities depending on the functional goup(s) involved. A final extension to the chemical strategies routinely used for the preparation of biopolymers, through solid-phase synthesis methodologies will be also discussed. 

Pre-requisites: Advanced Organic Chemistry and Basics in Biochemistry 

Bibliography: The Organic Chemistry of Biological Pathways by John E. McMurry and Tadhg P.